Companion Animals & West Nile Virus

Can Companion Animals Contract West Nile Virus (WNV)?
According to the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food (OMAF), the risk to dogs and cats is uncertain. This is a new disease to Ontario, and understanding of it is incomplete. However, the current science indicates that, although there is risk of exposure to all mammals and birds through mosquito bites, it is unlikely that dogs and cats will develop clinical disease or display symptoms of WNV.

How Are Dogs And Cats Infected With WNV?
Dogs and cats (like all mammals and birds) become infected the same way humans become infected: by the bite of an infected mosquito.

What Are The Symptoms Of Infection In Dogs And Cats?
There have been few reported cases of WNV in dogs and cats. Clinical signs would be similar to what is seen in other mammals, and may include fever, depression, a lack of coordination, muscle weakness or spasms, and seizures or paralysis.

What Should I Do If I Think My Dog, Cat Or Other Pet Might Have WNV?
While dogs and cats do not appear to suffer clinical illness from WNV, you should see your veterinarian promptly if you think your pet is ill. Pets can develop neurologic diseases from many other causes and these should be ruled out before testing for WNV is even considered.

Should A Dog Or Cat Infected With WNV Be Euthanized?
No. As animals infected with WNV do not transmit the virus to people or other animals, there is no reason to euthanize an infected animal. Treatment should be supportive and consistent with standard veterinary practices for animals infected with any viral agent.

How Can I Protect My Pet?
As with humans, preventing exposure to mosquitoes is essential. Tips for protecting your pets, include:

Keep pets indoors between dusk and dawn.
Use screen windows and doors at home and on buildings where animals are housed.
Eliminate standing water and anything that can accumulate water from around your home, other buildings and yard. (e.g., bottles, old tires, buckets, wading pools, clogged roof gutters)
Keep the water in birdbaths and watering tanks changed and fresh. (Water gardens and outdoor fountains are of special concern if allowed to stagnate. Clean and treat swimming pools and get rid of all standing water on your property.)
Do not use insect repellents or other human products containing DEET on dogs or cats. These products can be toxic to pets if they lick it off. Mosquito repellents designed specifically for pets are available, but should not be used in some circumstances. Pet owners are advised to consult their veterinarians before using any mosquito repellent.
Pet owners are encouraged to take their pets to a veterinarian for annual examinations to check for overall health. Strong immune systems help pets exposed to WNV and other illnesses.

Where Can I Get More Information?
For more information about West Nile Virus, talk to your veterinarian or visit the Health Canada web site at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca